grihalakshmi magazine

grihalakshmi magazine

grihalakshmi magazine Published this article page no  73 It has also said deaths related to circulatory respiratory diabetic and infectious diseases as well as infant mortality are likely to increase with a rise in temperature.  Increasing frequency of extreme weather events like heat waves flooding and drought and even air pollution was contributing to undernutrition allergic diseases and even mental disorders. India specific study The report identifies India as one of the vulnerable hotspots with several regions and important cities facing very high risk of climate disasters such as flooding sealevel rise and heatwaves. Mumbai is at high risk of sealevel rise and flooding. Ahmedabad faces serious danger of heatwaves.  Several cities including Chennai Bhubaneshwar Patna and Lucknow are approaching dangerous levels of heat and humidity.  Infrastructure including transportation water and sanitation and energy systems has been compromised by extreme and slowonset events with resulting economic losses disruptions of services and impacts to well being.  Urban India is at greater risk than other areas with a projected population of 877 million by 2050 nearly double of 480 million in 2020.  At present wetbulb temperatures in India rarely exceed 31 degrees C with most of the country experiencing maximum wetbulb temperatures of 2530 degrees C according to IPCC. Significance of IPCC Reports IPCC reports form the scientific basis on which countries across the world build their policy responses to climate change.  These reports on their own are not policy prescriptive They do not tell countries or governments what to do. They are only meant to present factual situations with as much scientific evidence as is possible.  And yet these can be of immense help in formulating the action plans to deal with climate change grihalakshmi magazine buy. 

grihalakshmi magazine

grihalakshmi magazine

grihalakshmi magazine

grihalakshmi magazine Published this article page no  72  Just as the geosynchronous satellites have a sweet spot over the equator that allows them to stay over one spot on Earth polarorbiting satellites have a sweet spot that allows them to stay in one place. This orbit is a Sunsynchronous orbit which means that whenever and wherever the satellite crosses the equator the local solar time on the ground is always the same. Insta Curious What does the threestage heavy lift launch vehicle mean? What are the fuels used in different stages?  Conservation related issues environmental pollution and degradation environmental impact assessment. 1. IPCC Report Context The second part of the IPCCs Sixth Assessment Report was released recently.  This second part of the report is about climate change impacts risks and vulnerabilities and adaptation options.  The first part of the report was released in August last year. That one was centred around the scientific basis of climate change. What is the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6)? The Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the sixth in a series of reports intended to assess scientific technical and socioeconomic information concerning climate change.  This report evaluates the physical science of climate change – looking at the past present and future climate.  It reveals how humancaused emissions are altering our planet and what that means for our collective future. The Assessment Reports the first of which had come out in 1990 are the most comprehensive evaluations of the state of the earths climate.  So far five reports have been released (1990 1995 2001 2007 and 2015). Highlights of the report  150  The latest report has for the first time made an assessment of regional and sectoral impacts of climate change.  It has included risks to and vulnerabilities of megacities around the world. For example it has said Mumbai is at high risk of sealevel rise and flooding while Ahmedabad faces serious danger of heatwaves. Impact on health For the first time the IPCC report has looked at the health impacts of climate change.  It has found that climate change is increasing vectorborne and waterborne diseases such as malaria or dengue particularly in subtropical regions of Asia grihalakshmi magazine buy.  

grihalakshmi magazine

grihalakshmi magazine

grihalakshmi magazine

grihalakshmi magazine Published this article page no 71  The GSLVF10EOS03 mission which lifted off from Sriharikota on August 12 last year failed due to deviation in the performance of the cryogenic upper stage (CUS) of the launch vehicle a nationallevel Failure Analysis Committee (FAC) constituted in the aftermath has found.  GSLVF10 was ISROs eighth flight with indigenous cryo 14th GSLV flight and 79th launch from Sriharikota. What is EOS03? 1. EOS3 was the first stateofart agile Earth Observation Satellite which would have been placed in a geosynchronous orbit around the Earth. 2. It was expected to provide near realtime imaging which could be used for quick monitoring of natural disasters episodic events and any shortterm events. 3. The mission life of the satellite was 10 years. What is a GSLV Rocket? 1. The GSLV expands to a geosynchronous satellite launch vehicle. 2. The GSLV Mark II is the largest launch vehicle built by India. 3. As its name suggests it can launch satellites that will travel in orbits that are synchronous with the Earths orbit. 4. These satellites can weigh up to 2500 kg and are first launched into transfer orbits that have a distance from Earth of 170 km at closest approach and about 35975 km at furthest approach which is close to the height of the geosynchronous orbit. Difference between PSLV and GSLV India has two operational launchers Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV). 1. PSLV was developed to launch lowEarth Orbit satellites into polar and sun synchronous orbits. It has since proved its versatility by launching geosynchronous lunar and interplanetary spacecraft successfully. 2. On the other hand GSLV was developed to launch the heavier INSAT class of geosynchronous satellites into orbit. In its third and final stage GSLV uses the indigenously developed cryogenic upper stage. Geosynchronous vs Sun synchronous 1. When satellites are about 36000 km from the Earths surface they enter what is called the high Earth orbit. Here it orbits in sync with the Earths rotation creating the impression that the satellite is stationary over a single longitude. Such a satellite is said to be geosynchronous grihalakshmi magazine buy.

grihalakshmi magazine

drishti ias current affairs magazines

drishti ias current affairs magazines

drishti ias current affairs magazines  Published this article page no  62 Reasons for the delay NASA said it needed time to develop and test the human landing system and NASAs next generation spacesuits. What is Artemis? Artemis stands for Acceleration Reconnection Turbulence and Electrodynamics of Moons Interaction with the Sun.  It is NASAs next mission to the Moon. Objective To measure what happens when the Suns radiation hits our rocky moon where there is no magnetic field to protect it. Artemis was the twin sister of Apollo and goddess of the Moon in Greek mythology. Significance of the mission With the Artemis program NASA will land the first woman and next man on the Moon by 2024. Mission details 1. NASAs powerful new rocket the Space Launch System (SLS) will send astronauts aboard the Orion spacecraft nearly a quarter million miles from Earth to lunar orbit. 2. Astronauts will dock Orion at the Gateway and transfer to a human landing system for expeditions to the surface of the Moon. 3. They will return to the orbital outpost to board Orion again before returning safely to Earth. Artemis 1 vs. 2 vs. 3 NASA will fly two missions around the Moon to test its deep space exploration systems.  Artemis 1 is aiming to send an uncrewed spacecraft around the moon using a combination of the neverflown Space Launch System rocket along with the onceflown Orion spacecraft.  NASA hopes to extend the program with the moonorbiting crewed Artemis 2 mission in 2024 then a landing on Artemis 3 in 2025 ahead of other crewed missions later in the 2020s. Scientific objectives drishti ias current affairs magazines buy.

drishti ias current affairs magazines

drishti ias current affairs magazines

drishti ias current affairs magazines

drishti ias current affairs magazines  Published this article page no  61 When continental ice flows out from land and to the sea surface we get shelf ice. The other part of the cryosphere is ice that is found in water. This includes frozen parts of the ocean such as waters surrounding Antarctica and the Arctic. It also includes frozen rivers and lakes which mainly occur in polar areas. Significance of Cryosphere The components of the cryosphere play an important role in the Earths climate.  Snow and ice reflect heat from the sun helping to regulate our planets temperature.  Because polar regions are some of the most sensitive to climate shifts the cryosphere may be one of the first places where scientists are able to identify global changes in climate. PACER encompasses the following six components. 1. Construction of polar research vessel 2. Construction of the third research base in Antarctica 3. Indian scientific endeavours in the Arctic 4. Polar expeditionsAntarctica 5. Replacement of Maitri station 6. Southern Ocean Objective of PACER scheme To improve our understanding of Polar Science and cryosphere system. Major achievements of the PACER scheme in the recent three years  1. Executed 39th & 40th Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica. 2. 41st Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica is ongoing. 3. Clearair atmospheric observatories containing automatic weather stations a suite of sensors to measure aerosol and greenhouse gas concentrations has been established at Maitri and Bharati stations.  4. Twentythree research projects related to glaciology marine science polar biology and atmospheric science were successfully carried out during 201920 Arctic Expedition. 5. IndARC mooring system along with Hydrophone system was successfully retrieved and deployed in Kongsfjorden Svalbard. 6. Glaciological field campaigns were carried out in six benchmark glaciers in Chandra basin of LahaulSpiti region of Western Himalaya. Topics Awareness in space. 1. Artemis Program Context NASAs first crewed landing of the Artemis program on the moon is expected to take place in 2026. Meanwhile NASA will launch Artemis 1 in May 2022 drishti ias current affairs magazines buy.  

drishti ias current affairs magazines

competition wizard

competition wizard 

competition wizard Published this article page no  55 Raman Effect. 2. RussiaUkraine crisis may worsen global chip shortage Context Russia and Ukraine are important centres of the global semiconductor supply chain providing rare metals like palladium and gases like neon that are needed in the production of the silicon wafers present in almost all modern devices and equipment.  Amid the ongoing RussiaUkraine crisis it is expected that the situation may worsen global chip shortage. Whats the issue? Just as Russia supplies the global semiconductor industry with rare metals Ukraine supplies (speciality) gases required by the chipmaking industry. Thus there is potential to extend the stress in the supply chain of semiconductors which are key to manufacturing autos and other electronic equipment in the AsiaPacific region. What are Semiconductor Chips? Semiconductors are materials which have a conductivity between conductors and insulators. They can be pure elements silicon or germanium or compounds gallium arsenide or cadmium selenide. Significance of Semiconductor Chips  They are the basic building blocks that serve as the heart and brain of all modern electronics and information and communications technology products.  They are now an integral part of contemporary automobiles household gadgets and essential medical devices such as ECG machines. Recent Increase in Demand  The Covid19 pandemicdriven push to take sizable parts of daily economic and essential activity online or at least digitally enable them.  The pandemic and the subsequent lockdowns across the world also forced shut crucial chipmaking facilities in countries including Japan South Korea China and the US. Indias Semiconductor Demand and Related Initiatives India currently imports all chips and the market is estimated to touch $100 billion by 2025 from $24 billion now. Efforts by the government to address the shortage  Earmarked Rs 76000 crore for semiconductors and display manufacturing segment competition wizard buy. 

competition wizard 

junior science refresher magazine

junior science refresher magazine

junior science refresher magazine Published this article page no  66 The criminal law and criminal procedure are in the concurrent list of the seventh schedule of the constitution.Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay is said to be the chief architect of codifications of criminal laws in India. Need for reforms 1. Colonial era laws. 2. ineffectiveness. 3. Pendency of cases. 4. Huge undertrials. Committee For Reform In Criminal LawThe Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has constituted a national level committee for reform in criminal law.The committee has been constituted under Ranbir Singh and several other members.The committee would be gathering opinions online by consulting with experts and collating material for their report to the government. Previous committees Madhav Menon Committee It submitted its report in 2007 suggesting various recommendations on reforms in the Criminal Justice System of India (CJSI). Malimath Committee Report It submitted its report in 2003 on the Criminal Justice System of India (CJSI). Insta Curious Read about the 2006 Supreme Court ruling on police reforms here.  PM CARES Context The Supreme Court has refused to entertain an appeal challenging an Allahabad High Court order which rejected a challenge to the constitutional validity of the PMCARES Fund. Whats the issue?The High Court had dismissed the PIL which challenged the validity of the PMCARES Fund and the Prime Minister National Relief Fund in the backdrop of the Disaster Management Act 2005.The petitioner had contended that the fund was established without statutory backing and was kept beyond the scrutiny of the RTI Act. Issues surrounding the fund and its functioning PM CARES has been under a cloud of suspicion ever since it was announced with opposition parties demanding transparency over the handling of the funds. About PMCARES The Prime Ministers Citizen Assistance and Relief in Emergency Situations (PMCARES) Fund was set up to accept donations and provide relief during the Covid19 pandemic and other similar emergencies. PMCARES Fund junior science refresher magazine buy.

junior science refresher magazine